Lab & pathology prices at Avera Hand County Memorial Hospital and Clinic
Miller, SD · every code in this section with a posted price and a Medicare benchmark.
282 codes. Prices are the hospital's own posted facility charges.
Compare against other hospitals interactively →
| Procedure | Posted cash | Posted gross | × Medicare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acth (82024) | $434.56 | $448 | 11.3× |
| Acute hepatitis panel (80074) | $365.69 | $377 | 7.7× |
| Albumin serum (82040) | $88.27 | $91 | 17.8× |
| Allergen spec ige qual multiallergen screen (86005) | $68.87 | $71 | 8.6× |
| Allergen specific ige (86003) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$46.56–$64.99 | $48–$67 | varies |
| Alpha-Fetoprotein Serum (82105) | $138.71 | $143 | 8.3× |
| Alt (sgpt) (84460) | $88.27 | $91 | 16.7× |
| Ammonia (82140) | $209.52 | $216 | 14.4× |
| Amylase urine (82150) | $239.59 | $247 | 37.0× |
| Ana Titer (86039) | $106.70 | $110 | 9.6× |
| Anca screen each antibody (86036) | $147.44 | $152 | 12.2× |
| Antibody aspergillus (86606) | $68.87 | $71 | 4.6× |
| Antibody Cytomegalovirus Cmv Igm (86645) | $80.51 | $83 | 4.8× |
| Antibody haemophilus influenza (86684) | $84.39 | $87 | 5.3× |
| Antibody john cunningham virus (86711) | $344.35 | $355 | 20.4× |
| Antibody Treponema Pallidum (86780) | $28.13 | $29 | 2.1× |
| Assay Blood Carbon Dioxide (82374) | $67.90 | $70 | 13.9× |
| Assay of 5-hiaa (83497) | $269.66 | $278 | 20.9× |
| Assay of anti-mullerian hormone (82166) | $274.51 | $283 | 7.1× |
| Assay of blood/uric acid (84550) | $88.27 | $91 | 19.5× |
| Assay of calcium in urine (82340) | $125.13 | $129 | 20.8× |
| Assay of gammaglobulin igm (82784) range across 3 matching MRF lines |
$84.39–$207.58 | $87–$214 | varies |
| Assay of lactic acid (83605) | $81.48 | $84 | 7.0× |
| Assay of metanephrines (83835) | $1,130.05 | $1,165 | 66.7× |
| Assay of serum potassium (84132) | $124.16 | $128 | 26.1× |
| Assay of urea nitrogen (84520) | $88.27 | $91 | 22.3× |
| Assay of vitamin b-1 (84425) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$132.89–$484.03 | $137–$499 | varies |
| Assay spec xcp ur&breath ia (82077) | $135.80 | $140 | 7.9× |
| Automated Leukocyte Count (85048) | $88.27 | $91 | 34.8× |
| B cells total count (86355) | $537.38 | $554 | 14.2× |
| Beta 2 glycoprotein i antibody each (86146) | $177.51 | $183 | 7.0× |
| Beta-2 Microglobulin (82232) | $83.42 | $86 | 5.2× |
| Bile acids total (82239) | $99.91 | $103 | 5.8× |
| Bilirubin direct (82248) | $48.50 | $50 | 9.7× |
| Bilirubin total (82247) | $88.27 | $91 | 17.6× |
| Blood Count Automated Differential Wbc Count (85004) | $76.63 | $79 | 11.8× |
| Blood count reticulocyte automated (85045) | $110.58 | $114 | 27.7× |
| Blood Count Smear Mcrscp W/Mnl Difrntl Wbc Count (85007) | $139.68 | $144 | 36.8× |
| Blood gas (82803) | $258.99 | $267 | 9.9× |
| Blood Occult Fecal Hgb Deter Ia Qual Feces 1-3 (82274) | $74.69 | $77 | 4.7× |
| Blood Occult Peroxidase Actv Qual Feces 1 Deter (82270) | $74.69 | $77 | 17.1× |
| Blood Type Antigen Donor Reagent Serum Each (86902) | $375.39 | $387 | 59.1× |
| Blood typing serologic abo (86900) | $131.92 | $136 | 44.1× |
| C diff amplified probe (87493) | $192.06 | $198 | 5.2× |
| C-Peptide (84681) | $210.49 | $217 | 10.1× |
| C-reactive protein (86140) | $150.35 | $155 | 29.0× |
| Calcium ionized (82330) | $124.16 | $128 | 9.1× |
| Calcium total (82310) | $125.13 | $129 | 24.3× |
| Calculus Spectroscopy (82365) | $129.01 | $133 | 10.0× |
| Calprotectin Fecal (83993) | $549.02 | $566 | 28.0× |
| Cancer Antigen 125 (86304) | $308.46 | $318 | 14.8× |
| Cancer Antigen 27.29 (86300) | $122.22 | $126 | 5.9× |
| Candida Dna Dir Probe (87480) | $164.90 | $170 | 8.2× |
| Carbamazepine total (80156) | $134.83 | $139 | 9.3× |
| Carboxyhemoglobin (82375) | $125.13 | $129 | 10.2× |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (82378) | $197.88 | $204 | 10.4× |
| Cardiolipin ab iga (86147) | $192.06 | $198 | 7.5× |
| Catecholamines fractionated (82384) | $247.35 | $255 | 9.8× |
| Ccp antibody (86200) | $141.62 | $146 | 10.9× |
| Chemiluminescent assay (82397) | $308.46 | $318 | 21.8× |
| Chloride Serum (82435) | $88.27 | $91 | 19.2× |
| Chorionic gonadotropin test (84702) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$138.71–$173.63 | $143–$179 | varies |
| Chylmd Trach, Dna, Amp Probe - Chlamydia Dna Pcr (87491) | $147.44 | $152 | 4.2× |
| Clot Factor VIII Multimetric (85247) | $437.47 | $451 | 19.1× |
| Coccidioides antibody (86635) | $51.41 | $53 | 4.5× |
| Column Chromotography Quant (82542) | $235.71 | $243 | 9.8× |
| Compatibility test antiglob (86922) | $192.06 | $198 | 1.1× |
| Complement Antigen Each Component (86160) | $129.01 | $133 | 10.8× |
| Complement Total (Ch50) (86162) | $142.59 | $147 | 7.0× |
| Copper urine (82525) | $97 | $100 | 7.8× |
| Cortisol free (82530) | $182.36 | $188 | 10.9× |
| Cortisol saliva (82533) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$78.57–$157.14 | $81–$162 | varies |
| Creatine kinase total (82550) | $49.47 | $51 | 7.6× |
| Creatinine blood (82565) | $98.94 | $102 | 19.3× |
| Creatinine clearance (82575) | $94.09 | $97 | 9.9× |
| Creatinine Urine (82570) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$74.69–$110.58 | $77–$114 | varies |
| Crossmatch immediate spin (86920) | $224.07 | $231 | 1.3× |
| Cryoglobulin (82595) | $79.54 | $82 | 12.3× |
| Cryptosporidium ag eia (87328) | $97.97 | $101 | 7.1× |
| Cul Bact Aerobic Addl Meths Definitive Ea Isol (87077) | $182.36 | $188 | 22.6× |
| Cul Typ ID Bld Pthgn 6+ Trgt (87154) | $3,541.47 | $3,651 | 16.2× |
| Culture afb (87116) | $110.58 | $114 | 10.2× |
| Culture Anaerobic (87075) | $232.80 | $240 | 24.6× |
| Culture blood (87040) | $252.20 | $260 | 24.4× |
| Culture csf (87070) | $232.80 | $240 | 27.0× |
| Culture fungus (87102) | $153.26 | $158 | 18.2× |
| Culture screen only (87081) | $150.35 | $155 | 22.7× |
| Culture stool (87045) | $223.10 | $230 | 23.6× |
| Culture Typing Immunologic Oth/Thn Immunofluores (87147) | $313.31 | $323 | 60.5× |
| Culture urine (87086) | $129.01 | $133 | 16.0× |
| Cystatin C (82610) | $699.37 | $721 | 37.8× |
| Cytomegalovirus igg (86644) | $149.38 | $154 | 10.4× |
| Detect Agent Nos Dna Quant (87799) | $1,140.72 | $1,176 | 26.6× |
| Dgp Antibody Each Ig Class (86258) | $51.41 | $53 | 4.3× |
| Dhea-S (82627) | $257.05 | $265 | 11.6× |
| Digoxin (80162) | $125.13 | $129 | 9.4× |
| Dihydrotestosterone (82642) | $192.06 | $198 | 6.6× |
| Dna Antibody Native/Double Stranded (86225) | $182.36 | $188 | 13.3× |
| Drug assay acetaminophen (80143) | $173.63 | $179 | 9.3× |
| Drug Assay Lacosamide (80235) | $522.83 | $539 | 19.3× |
| Drug Screen Quant Clozapine (80159) | $170.72 | $176 | 8.5× |
| Drug Screen Quant Zonisamide (80203) | $373.45 | $385 | 28.2× |
| Drug Screen Quantitative Lamotrigine (80175) | $170.72 | $176 | 12.9× |
| Drug Screen Quantitative Levetiracetam (80177) | $327.86 | $338 | 24.7× |
| Drug Screen Quantitative Oxcarbazepine (80183) | $267.72 | $276 | 20.2× |
| Drug Test Prsmv Instrmnt (80306) | $219.22 | $226 | 12.8× |
| Electrolyte panel (80051) | $124.16 | $128 | 17.7× |
| Erythropoietin (82668) | $464.63 | $479 | 24.7× |
| Estradiol serum (82670) | $171.69 | $177 | 6.1× |
| F2 Gene (81240) | $619.83 | $639 | 9.4× |
| Factor Inhibitor Test (85335) | $453.96 | $468 | 35.3× |
| Factor viii assay (85240) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$357.93–$388.97 | $369–$401 | varies |
| Ferritin (82728) | $166.84 | $172 | 12.2× |
| Fibrin Degradation Quant (85379) | $302.64 | $312 | 29.7× |
| Fibrinogen activity (85384) | $76.63 | $79 | 7.9× |
| Flow cytometry first marker (88184) | $355.99 | $367 | 1.0× |
| Fluorescent antibody screen (86255) | $1,270.70 | $1,310 | 105.5× |
| Folic acid rbc (82747) | $137.74 | $142 | 7.8× |
| Folic Acid Serum (82746) | $157.14 | $162 | 10.7× |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (83001) | $139.68 | $144 | 7.5× |
| Fungi Identification Yeast (87106) | $72.75 | $75 | 7.0× |
| Gammaglobulin ige (82785) | $103.79 | $107 | 6.3× |
| Gardner vag DNA dir probe (87510) | $76.63 | $79 | 3.8× |
| Ggt (82977) | $88.27 | $91 | 12.3× |
| Giardia antigen (87329) | $124.16 | $128 | 10.4× |
| Glucose 2 hr pp (82950) | $88.27 | $91 | 18.6× |
| Glucose Serum (82947) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$88.27–$97.97 | $91–$101 | varies |
| Glucose tolerance test (gtt) (82951) | $145.50 | $150 | 11.3× |
| Glycated Protein (82985) | $389.94 | $402 | 23.3× |
| Gonadotropin Chorionic Qualitative (84703) | $228.92 | $236 | 30.4× |
| Gtt-added samples (82952) | $95.06 | $98 | 24.3× |
| Haptoglobin (83010) | $110.58 | $114 | 8.8× |
| Helicobacter Pylori Stool (87338) | $262.87 | $271 | 18.3× |
| Hematocrit (85014) | $84.39 | $87 | 35.6× |
| Hemoglobin (85018) | $84.39 | $87 | 35.6× |
| Hemoglobin a1c (83036) | $93.12 | $96 | 9.6× |
| Hep a ab igm (86709) | $282.27 | $291 | 25.1× |
| Heparin assay (85520) | $193.03 | $199 | 14.7× |
| Hepatitis b core ab total (86704) | $190.12 | $196 | 15.8× |
| Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (86706) | $137.74 | $142 | 12.8× |
| Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (87340) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$40.74–$135.80 | $42–$140 | varies |
| Hepatitis Be Antibody (86707) | $199.82 | $206 | 17.3× |
| Hepatitis Be Antigen (87350) | $199.82 | $206 | 17.3× |
| Hepatitis C Antibody (86803) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$39.77–$268.69 | $41–$277 | varies |
| Hepatitis C Probe&Rvrs Trnsc (87521) | $132.89 | $137 | 3.8× |
| Hepatitis C Revrs Trnscrpj (87522) | $583.94 | $602 | 13.6× |
| Hiv Antigen W/Hiv Antibodies (87806) | $84.39 | $87 | 2.6× |
| Hiv-1 Ag W/Hiv-1 & Hiv-2 Ab (87389) | $66.93 | $69 | 2.8× |
| Hla ii typing 1 locus lr (81376) | $680.94 | $702 | 5.6× |
| Hla-b27 (86812) | $335.62 | $346 | 13.0× |
| Homocysteine (83090) | $100.88 | $104 | 5.6× |
| Hsv Dna Amp Probe (87529) | $137.74 | $142 | 3.9× |
| Hydroxyprogesterone 17-d (83498) | $158.11 | $163 | 5.8× |
| Iaadi inffluenza a virus (87276) | $51.41 | $53 | 3.2× |
| Iaadi not otherwise specified each organism (87299) | $33.95 | $35 | 2.1× |
| Iaadi parainfluenza virus each type (87279) | $51.41 | $53 | 3.1× |
| Iaadi respiratory synctial virus (87280) | $51.41 | $53 | 3.8× |
| Iadna Dna/Rna Rsv Amplified Probe Technique (87634) | $174.60 | $180 | 2.5× |
| Iadna hepatitis b virus amplified probe tq (87516) | $132.89 | $137 | 3.8× |
| Iadna Hepatitis B Virus Quantification (87517) | $385.09 | $397 | 9.0× |
| Iadna HIV-1 amplified probe & reverse transcrpj (87535) | $132.89 | $137 | 3.8× |
| Iadna Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Amplified Probe Tq (87591) | $147.44 | $152 | 4.2× |
| Immunfix e-phorsis/urine/csf (86335) | $232.80 | $240 | 7.9× |
| Immunoassay infectious agent (86318) | $147.44 | $152 | 8.2× |
| Immunoassay nonantibody (83516) range across 3 matching MRF lines |
$95.06–$459.78 | $98–$474 | varies |
| Immunodiffusion Ouchterlony (86331) | $79.54 | $82 | 6.6× |
| Immunofixation electrophoresis (86334) | $268.69 | $277 | 12.0× |
| Infectious agent antigen detection by immunofluorescent technique; adenovirus (87260) | $51.41 | $53 | 3.6× |
| Infectious agent antigen detection by immunofluorescent technique; influenza b virus (87275) | $51.41 | $53 | 4.2× |
| Influenza DNA amp probe (87502) | $197.88 | $204 | 2.1× |
| Inhibin b (83520) range across 3 matching MRF lines |
$60.14–$303.61 | $62–$313 | varies |
| Insitu hybridization manual (88368) | $406.43 | $419 | 1.1× |
| Insulin total (83525) | $147.44 | $152 | 12.9× |
| Iron (83540) | $99.91 | $103 | 15.4× |
| Iron Binding Capacity (83550) | $135.80 | $140 | 15.5× |
| Islet cell antibody (86341) | $185.27 | $191 | 7.9× |
| Lactate (ld) (ldh) enzyme (83615) | $88.27 | $91 | 14.6× |
| Lactoferrin fecal qualitative (83630) | $256.08 | $264 | 13.0× |
| LDL direct (83721) | $155.20 | $160 | 14.8× |
| Lead (83655) | $161.99 | $167 | 13.4× |
| Leukocyte Assessment Fecal (89055) | $39.77 | $41 | 9.3× |
| Lipase (83690) | $175.57 | $181 | 25.5× |
| Lipoprotein A (83695) | $139.68 | $144 | 9.8× |
| Lipoprotein Bld Quan Part (83704) | $385.09 | $397 | 11.3× |
| Lithium (80178) | $116.40 | $120 | 17.6× |
| Luteinizing Hormone (Lh) (83002) | $137.74 | $142 | 7.4× |
| M/Phmtrc Alys Ish Quant/Semiq Mnl Each Multiprb (88377) | $1,682.95 | $1,735 | 9.7× |
| Magnesium Urine (83735) | $139.68 | $144 | 20.8× |
| Methylmalonic acid serum (83921) | $394.79 | $407 | 18.6× |
| Microalbumin, quantitative (82043) | $158.11 | $163 | 27.4× |
| Microsomal Antibodies Each (86376) | $142.59 | $147 | 9.8× |
| Mitochondrial Antibody Each (86381) | $156.17 | $161 | 6.1× |
| Mumps antibody (86735) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$81.48–$126.10 | $84–$130 | varies |
| Natriuretic peptide (83880) | $369.57 | $381 | 9.4× |
| Nfct ds bv&vaginitis DNA alg (81515) | $482.09 | $497 | 1.8× |
| Nk cells total count (86357) | $294.88 | $304 | 7.8× |
| Nuclear antigen antibody (86235) range across 7 matching MRF lines |
$141.62–$231.83 | $146–$239 | varies |
| Occult blood feces (82272) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$36.86–$70.81 | $38–$73 | varies |
| Osmolality serum (83930) | $111.55 | $115 | 16.9× |
| Osmolality Urine (83935) | $111.55 | $115 | 16.4× |
| Ova and parasites smears (87177) | $153.26 | $158 | 17.2× |
| Ph urine (81003) | $71.78 | $74 | 31.9× |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) (80185) | $116.40 | $120 | 8.8× |
| Phosphatase alkaline (84075) | $9.70 | $10 | 1.9× |
| Phosphorus Serum (84100) | $88.27 | $91 | 18.6× |
| Platelet count automated (85049) | $88.27 | $91 | 19.7× |
| Procalcitonin (Pct) (84145) | $231.83 | $239 | 8.5× |
| Progesterone (84144) | $129.01 | $133 | 6.2× |
| Prolactin (84146) | $223.10 | $230 | 11.5× |
| Protein Electrophoresis Urine (84166) | $144.53 | $149 | 8.1× |
| Protein Electrophoretic Fractj&Quantj Serum (84165) | $224.07 | $231 | 20.9× |
| Protein total serum (84155) | $125.13 | $129 | 34.1× |
| Protein Total Urine (84156) | $142.59 | $147 | 38.9× |
| PSA free (84154) | $84.39 | $87 | 4.6× |
| Pth Intact (83970) | $283.24 | $292 | 6.9× |
| Quantiferon tb gold plus (86480) | $381.21 | $393 | 6.2× |
| Quantitative assay drug (80299) | $512.16 | $528 | 27.5× |
| Rbc antibody identification (86870) | $355.99 | $367 | 1.0× |
| Rbc antibody screen (86850) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$52.38–$153.26 | $54–$158 | varies |
| Rh (86901) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$37.83–$125.13 | $39–$129 | varies |
| Rheumatoid factor quant (86431) | $129.01 | $133 | 22.8× |
| Ristocetin cofactor (85245) | $412.25 | $425 | 18.0× |
| Rotavirus ag eia (87425) | $178.48 | $184 | 14.9× |
| Rpr qualitative (86592) | $103.79 | $107 | 24.3× |
| Rubella Antibody (86762) | $42.68 | $44 | 3.0× |
| Rubeola antibody (86765) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$81.48–$125.13 | $84–$129 | varies |
| Rx metab gen seq alys pnl 6 (81418) | $182.36 | $188 | 0.2× |
| Salicylate Level (80179) | $171.69 | $177 | 9.2× |
| Sars-Cov-2 Covid-19 Amp Prb (87635) | $150.35 | $155 | 2.9× |
| Sarscov2 & inf a&b amp prb (87636) | $471.42 | $486 | 3.3× |
| Sarscov2&inf a&b&rsv amp prb (87637) | $508.28 | $524 | 3.6× |
| Sedimentation rate (85651) | $145.50 | $150 | 34.1× |
| Sensitivity mic (87186) | $173.63 | $179 | 20.1× |
| Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (84270) | $213.40 | $220 | 9.8× |
| Smear acid fast (87206) | $116.40 | $120 | 21.6× |
| Smear complex stain (87209) | $94.09 | $97 | 5.2× |
| Smear gram stain (87205) | $85.36 | $88 | 20.0× |
| Smr Prim Src Wet Mount Nfct Agt (87210) | $74.69 | $77 | 12.8× |
| Sodium Serum (84295) | $125.13 | $129 | 26.0× |
| Somatomedin (84305) | $323.98 | $334 | 15.2× |
| Special Stains Group 1 (88312) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$139.68–$255.11 | $144–$263 | varies |
| Specimen infect agnt concntj (87015) | $84.39 | $87 | 12.6× |
| Stool cultr aerobic bact ea (87046) | $49.47 | $51 | 5.2× |
| Strep a assay w/optic (87880) | $161.99 | $167 | 9.8× |
| Strep a DNA amp probe (87651) | $166.84 | $172 | 4.8× |
| Strptcs Pneum Antibody Igg Serotypes Mlt Ia Quan (86581) | $43.65 | $45 | 0.5× |
| Surg path level iii (88304) | $115.43 | $119 | 2.2× |
| Surgical pathology level IV (88305) | $202.73 | $209 | 3.8× |
| T Cells Absolute Cd4&Cd8 Count Ratio (86360) | $305.55 | $315 | 6.5× |
| T cells total count (86359) | $305.55 | $315 | 8.1× |
| T3 Free (84481) | $254.14 | $262 | 15.0× |
| T3 reverse (84482) | $132.89 | $137 | 8.4× |
| T3 Total (84480) | $185.27 | $191 | 13.1× |
| T4 Free (84439) | $68.87 | $71 | 7.6× |
| T4 total (84436) | $149.38 | $154 | 21.7× |
| Tacrolimus (80197) | $388.97 | $401 | 28.3× |
| Testosterone total (84403) range across 3 matching MRF lines |
$150.35–$198.85 | $155–$205 | varies |
| Testosterone, Free (84402) range across 2 matching MRF lines |
$131.92–$269.66 | $136–$278 | varies |
| Thromboplastin Inhibition Tissue (85705) | $147.44 | $152 | 15.3× |
| Thyroglobulin (84432) | $132.89 | $137 | 8.3× |
| Thyroglobulin Antibody (86800) | $110.58 | $114 | 7.0× |
| Tiss Trnsgltmnase Ea Ig Clas (86364) | $182.36 | $188 | 15.8× |
| Topiramate (80201) | $197.88 | $204 | 16.6× |
| Tp53 gene analysis targeted sequence analysis (81352) | $12,478.08 | $12,864 | 37.9× |
| Transferase Aspartate Amino Ast Sgot (84450) | $88.27 | $91 | 17.0× |
| Trichomonas vagin dir probe (87660) | $164.90 | $170 | 8.2× |
| Triglycerides (84478) | $88.27 | $91 | 15.4× |
| Troponin Quant (84484) | $235.71 | $243 | 18.9× |
| Urea nitrogen urine (84540) | $74.69 | $77 | 13.4× |
| Urine Pregnancy Test (81025) | $111.55 | $115 | 13.0× |
| Urnls Dip Stick/Tablet Reagent Auto Microscopy (81001) | $135.80 | $140 | 42.8× |
| Valproic acid (80164) | $135.80 | $140 | 10.0× |
| Vancomycin (80202) | $228.92 | $236 | 16.9× |
| Vit D 1 25-Dihydroxy (82652) | $370.54 | $382 | 9.6× |
| Vitamin A (84590) | $318.16 | $328 | 27.4× |
| Vitamin b-12 (82607) | $153.26 | $158 | 10.2× |
| Vitamin D 25-Hydroxy (82306) | $224.07 | $231 | 7.6× |
| Vitamin E (84446) | $139.68 | $144 | 9.9× |
| Von willebrand factor ag (85246) | $403.52 | $416 | 17.6× |
| West nile virus ab igm (86788) | $162.96 | $168 | 9.7× |
| West Nile Virus Antibody (86789) | $145.50 | $150 | 10.1× |
| Zinc (84630) | $158.11 | $163 | 13.9× |
A range means this hospital published different amounts on matching machine-readable-file lines. We show the lowest–highest posted amount because we cannot tell from the published file which line would apply to a particular visit.